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North Yilliminning Reserve

25/10/2021

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UPDATE: February 2022.a devastating fire has burnt most of this reserve
Greetings fellow Foxies,

North Yilliminning reserve is 22km from Narrogin on the Narrogin-Kulin Road.  This road roughly follows the ancient Binneringie dyke, which has been the catchment divide between the Hotham and Blackwood rivers for  hundreds of millions of years. Coming from Narrogin prepare to turn off into a rest bay under trees on the right, soon after passing Taylor Road. Armstrong road marks the eastern side of the reserve.
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The Binneringie dyke is the catchment divide between the Hotham and Blackwood river catchments
PictureAerial photo with ridges and radiometric colours
Radiometric imagery has produced colours on the photo, which show general soil types. Orange-brown indicates brownish fertile York gum, jam and rock sheoak soils. Green indicates gravels. Darker colours indicate paler and deeper sand. ​
A breakaway following the highway on the northern edge of the reserve is a contact zone between dolerite to the north (fertile york gum farm land), and granite to the south. The breakaway has brown mallet and red morrel woodland with sparse understorey at its base and patchy lateritic woodland at the top.
​The reserve is underlain by granite mostly hidden under sandy, gravelly, and ironstone soils. Most of the reserve is a gently sloping upland with old and infertile soils. Topsoils on the ridges are stony and shallow, with white sandy topsoil on lower slopes and valleys. An old vegetation map of the reserve has colourful descriptions, such as 'poor wandoo' and 'useless plants and dryandra'.

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Mixed vegetation upland slope
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Sparse upland stony gravel plain
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Stony breakaway
There hasn't been a fire here for decades. In some areas fallen trees (mostly sheoaks) make walking difficult, and plant diversity has reduced as fire dependant seeders have died out. Most vegetation is open woodland.
There is attractive bushwalking country. Being a sandy block, there is a multitude of cowslip orchids. Litttle pink fairy orchids also occur with sugar, snail, greenhood, jug, and donkey orchids, and a patch of purple enamel orchids. Unlike many surrounding reserves there are very few spider orchids.
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Blue lechenaultias on sandy gravel slope. October.
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Common popflowers on sandy gravel slope October.
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Cowslip orchids on open sandy woodland. September.
​​An amazing feature of this reserve are dozens of cowslip/little pink fairy hybrids, which have multiple forms and colours. Elsewhere they are uncommon (only two groups in Foxes Lair).
Orchid hybrids tend to be more common in spots where there are lots of one parent and fewer of another. Here cowslip orchids greatly outnumber little pink fairy orchids, and normally flower for much longer. I noticed that hybrids are much more common on shallow sandy gravel slopes, where soils hold less water than deep sands and sands over clay.  I think that hybidisation is enhanced by periodic water shortages. which reduce the flowering period in these soils. In drier seasons, the flowering period for the cowslips on these soils is shortened to that of earlier flowering little pink fairy orchids. Here pollinators are more likely to visit both species together and create hybids.
Hybrids are generally sterile, but expand asexually from root tubers into clumps.
Picturefollow arrow for hybrid location
You can see the amazing hybrid variation in this reserve in this blog. 
The best time to see the hybrids is about the third week of August- early Sept depending on the season. Interior track have been blocked following the March 2022 severe fire. Park in the parking bay and walk up the hill from the picnic table. The hybrids begin over the ridge on gravelly sand country. 
August 2022: Most will be found this year in less severley burnt areas but check both sides of the closed track going south down the hill.

This blog shows the large number and range of hybrids at this reserve.

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Rare highly coloured variant
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Uncommon variant
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Common pale variant
The eastern edge of the reserve has pockets of deep white sandy soil, which supports remnants of more westerly occurring plants. Of particular note are Jarrah, Candlestick banksia Banksia attenuata, and Christmas tree Nuytsia florabunda. The latter two may be declining. The understorey contains some lovely plants;- Purple enamel orchids (October), stilit walker triggerplant Stylidium araeophyllum, Eremea pauciflora, and Calytrix flava.
There was a wonderful flower show on this sandy patch this year, but as most of these plant flower in late October, November, there would be few late spring flowers in dry seasons.
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Stylidium araeophyllum Early November
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Jarrah with Calytrix flava in foreground
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Banksia attenuata
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Eremea pauciflora with Banksia attenuata and rock sheoak in the background
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Conclusion
This is an unusual reserve, which displays a unique range of cowslip/little pink fairy orchid hybrids in late August-early September.
Due to ancient poor water-holding soils, there may be few flowers in dry seasons.
good bird watching.  

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Calytrix flava
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Drosera Bulbosa Roots Revealed

20/10/2021

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​Greetings fellow Foxies,
A wet winter has enabled me to see the root structure of Drosera bulbosa/red-leaved sundew. I see it in water-gaining red soil areas in Foxes Lair and in moss beds on or around granite outcrops. Leaf colour varies from green to yellow and red, the latter due to nitrogen deficiency when plants are waterlogged or stressed.
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In red clay loam
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waterlogged location
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They often occur in wet moss beds
Rosette sundews such as this,survive over summer as a fleshy root tuber. In winter a fleshy stem called a rhizome emerges and grows to the surface where it develops roots and leaves​. At the end of the season, the top withers and dies as nutrients are drawn back into the tuber. Daughter tubers may then be produced, as a base for new plants.
Due to their location, these plants are at risk of being washed away or snapped off by running water, which undermines them or breaks off clumps of moss containing them. A plant below, which snapped of at the surface has developed another tuber to find soil and make new roots.
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soil has washed away from plant
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plant snapped off at the base
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rhizome emerging from snapped -off plant
Images below show plants that were washed out of the soil with roots and tuber intact. One had an emptied tuber as its resouces were used to produce a rhizome in search of soil
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Plant with tuber and original rhizome
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Secondary rhizome emerging from tuber
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tuber exhausted to fuel rhizome growth
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Leaping and Lazy Spider Orchids

10/10/2021

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​Greetings fellow Foxies,
I have been wandering around Foxes Lair since about 1990 but still make new discoveries. Last year i found a single leaping spider orchid (Caladenia macrostylis). Unfortunately, this beautiful double-header is in a public spot and was picked this year, I still pondering on protection measures. It is yet another of the Foxes Lair orchids, which is an only plant or in only one spot.
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PictureCaladenia macrostylis
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​This season I stumbled upon a group of lazy spider orchids (Caladenia multiclavia) in the district. They are amongst the most ornate orchids I have seen, particularly when the sun is behind them. They are also very hard to see in their natural habitat. While very carefully placing dead branches around to protect them, I inadvertently stepped on one. Their location will remain secret until they are fenced.
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​The lazy spider orchid's insect-shaped labellum indicates that it tricks flower wasps into pollinating them, as does the dragon orchid (Caladenia Barbarossa).
The intriguing article below tells how spider orchid species could have evolved from general insect pollination to targetting flower wasps.
hammer_orchid_pollination.pdf
File Size: 909 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

The article inspired me to collect images below of spider orchid flowers that show changes in glandular calli (raised, fleshy growths on the labellum) to resemble a female flower wasp more closely.
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Caladenia chapmanii
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Caladenia longiclavata
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Caladenia macrostylis
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Caladenia discoidea
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Caladenia multiclavia
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Caladenia barbarossa
PictureSpiculaea ciliata

The ultimate is the flying duck orchid. I have discovered that there is a species in the district and hope to hunt it down next year.

​Another specialist is the elbow orchid Spiculaea ciliata, which flowers on and around granite outcrops

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    Doug Sawkins is a friend of Foxes Lair 

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